由於慢性淋巴球白血病的擴散速度相對較慢,對患者的影響並不顯然易見,加上治療所致的副作用,醫學界通常會先觀察一下受影響的身體部分,繼而再決定其適切的治療。一般於決定治療方案需考慮因素包括:癌症期數、患者的年齡、整體健康狀況及有關基因變化9。
9 American Cancer Society. Leukemia – Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL). How is chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated?.
URL: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-chroniclymphocyticcll/detailedguide/leukemia--chronic-lymphocytic-treating-general-info . Retrieved from 29 November, 2016.
化學治療一般都是週期性的,每一個用藥週期為3至4星期。主要針對慢性淋巴球白血病的化療藥物有兩類:
嘌呤類似物 (Purine Analogs) |
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烷基化劑 (Alkylating Agents) |
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其他藥物 |
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10 American Cancer Society. Leukemia – Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL). Chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
URL: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-chroniclymphocyticcll/detailedguide/leukemia-chronic-lymphocytic-treating-chemotherapy . Retrieved from 29 November, 2016.
用作治療慢性淋巴球白血病的單克隆抗體可以按所針對的蛋白質分子而分為不同類別:
針對蛋白質分子CD20 |
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針對蛋白質分子CD52 |
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11 American Cancer Society. Leukemia – Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL). Monoclonal antibodies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
URL: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-chroniclymphocyticcll/detailedguide/leukemia-chronic-lymphocytic-treating-monoclonal-antibodies . Retrieved from 29 November, 2016.
標靶治療藥物發揮作用的原理與化學治療並不相同。標靶治療藥物直接干擾涉及癌細胞生長和存活的特定分子, 而傳統化療藥物則對所有活躍的分裂細胞產生作用。
常用口服標靶治療藥物包括12:
依魯替尼 (Ibrutinib) |
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艾代拉里斯 (Idelalisib) |
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Venetoclax |
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12 American Cancer Society. Leukemia – Chronic Lymphocytic (CLL). Targeted therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. URL: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-chroniclymphocyticcll/detailedguide/leukemia--chronic-lymphocytic-treating-targeted-therapy . Retrieved from 29 November, 2016.